1. Consider the following data:

• Country A - Crude birth rate is 38 per 1000, Crude death rate is 18 per 1000.
• Country B - Crude birth rate is 18 per 1000, Crude death rate is 9 per 1000.

1. 56 per 1000.
2. 2%.
3. half the rate of Country B.
4. 20% per 1000.

1. From the data listed in Question 1, one might conclude that Country B

1. has avoided the demographic transition.
2. has achieved zero population growth (ZPG).
3. is an industrialized, urbanized society.
4. has a negative rate of natural increase.

1. From the data listed in Question 1, it is apparent that

1. the population of Country A will double in 35 years.
2. the population of Country B will double in 15 years.
3. the carrying capacity of Country A is being strained.
4. Country A has a larger population than Country B.

4. Carrying capacity is

1. the maximum foodstuff an environment will produce.
2. a function of distance decay.
3. the maximum number of people that can be supported by the resources and technology available.
4. a reflection of cultural subduction.

5. The systematic study of human population is called

1. ecology.
2. ekistics.
3. geography.
4. demography.

6. The first stage of the demographic transition is marked by

1. high birth rates and high but fluctuating death rates.
2. high birth rates and low and stable death rates.
3. declining birth rates and continuing high death rates.
4. high birth rates and declining death rates.

7. Zero population growth (ZPG)

1. refers to an exact equation of births and deaths.
2. implies an unchanging population age structure.
3. assures the lowest total costs of social programs.
4. results when immigration matches emigration.

7. The theory of the demographic transition holds that

1. death rates increase but birth rates decrease with urbanization.
2. birth rates increase but death rates decrease with urbanization.
3. both birth and death rates increase with urbanization.
4. both birth and death rates decrease with urbanization.

7. Which of the following characteristics of a national population is NOT evident from its population pyramid?

1. Age structure
2. Sex structure
3. Dependency ratio
4. Infant mortality ratio

7. An expression of population pressure exerted on agricultural land is

1. crude density.
2. arithmetic density.
3. aggregate density.
4. physiological density.

7. The portions of the earth's surface permanently inhabited by humans make up the

1. environment.
2. ecosphere.
3. ecumene.
4. biome.

7. Numerically, the smallest of the major world population concentration is that of

1. East Asia.
2. South Asia.
3. the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
4. Europe.

7. The continent with the highest total fertility rates overall is

1. Africa.
2. Asia.
3. South America.
4. Europe.

7. The Malthusian theory is based on which of the following assumptions?

1. As urbanization occurs, the rate of population growth decreases.
2. Population tends to increase more rapidly than do the food supplies to support that population.
3. Growth in productive capacity generally exceeds population increases.
4. Food production increases geometrically, while population grows arithmetically.

15. Some 90% of the world's population reside on less than what percent of its land area?

1. 10
2. 20
3. 30
4. 40

16. Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of world population distribution?

1. People congregate in lowland areas.
2. People congregate along continental margins.
3. The majority of the world's population is rural.
4. The majority of the world's population resides in developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere.

16. The principal concentration of French-speaking North Americans is in

1. Maine.
2. Louisiana.
3. Quebec.
4. Manitoba.

16. A broad-based population pyramid suggests that a country is in what stage of the demographic transition?

1. first
2. second
3. third
4. fourth

16. The most important medium for transmitting culture is

1. language.
2. imitation.
3. legislature.
4. technology.

16. Language family relationships can be recognized through similarities in

1. dialect and sentence structure.
2. vocabulary and grammar.
3. isoglosses and isophones.
4. toponyms and gerundives.

16. A lingua franca is most likely to be adopted in a country of

1. monolingualism.
2. many social dialects.
3. multilingualism.
4. many regional dialects.

16. A language may be defined as

1. a literary tradition developed in a specific geographic area.
2. a cultural constant of the sociological subsystem.
3. the necessary basis of national identity.
4. an organized system of speech communication.

16. Which of the following is NOT an Indo-European language?

1. Hindi
2. English
3. Arabic
4. Celtic

16. The world's oldest major religion is

1. Buddhism.
2. Shintoism.
3. Judaism.
4. Hinduism.

16. Confucianism, Taoism, and Shintoism are examples of combining different forms of religious belief and practice. Such process is known as

1. ethnocentrism.
2. regionalism.
3. syncretism.
4. secularism.

16. The spread of languages may reflect

1. expansion diffusion assisted by acculturation.
2. hierarchical diffusion assisted by lingualism.
3. relocation diffusion, but rarely expansion diffusion.
4. expansion diffusion, but rarely hierarchical diffusion.

16. Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity have been called "universalizing" religions because each

1. is widely distributed with many adherents on all continents.
2. proclaims the divine origin of the universe.
3. claims universal applicability and seeks converts.
4. promises a universally accessible afterlife for all humanity.

16. What separates ethnic religions from tribal religions is

1. the way the religion is practiced.
2. the difference of the defining geographic extent and the location of the religion.
3. tribes are not defined as ethnic groups.
4. that an ethnic religion is acquired by birth but a tribal religion is not.

16. Which of the following religions has remained dominant in its area of origin?

1. Christianity
2. Islam
3. Buddhism
4. Nihilism

16. Religions are important keys to human geographic understanding because

1. with their emphasis on charity and the afterlife, religions play a universal pacifying role.
2. they are one of the few aspects of human culture totally divorced from the environments they occupy.
3. each major world religion is identified with a specific parent language.
4. religious beliefs intimately affect all facets of a culture.

16. When an immigrant group adopts cultural and social modifications that permit it to operate effectively within its new social surroundings, the process is known as

1. affiliation.
2. allocation.
3. assimilation.
4. accommodation.

16. The index of residential dissimilarity as defined in your textbook is

1. a measure of the varying quality of housing within an urban area.
2. a statistic indicating the difference between housing demand and housing supply.
3. the percentage deviation in the measured quality of housing between the immigrant homeland and resettlement area.
4. the percentage difference between the actual distribution of an ethnic group and a distribution uniform with respect to the total population.

16. North American "charter groups" include

1. English, French, and Hispanics.
2. English, German, and Scotch-Irish.
3. Hispanics, Africans, and Native Americans.
4. Central Europeans, East Europeans, and Iberians.

16. From the 1870s to 1921, most of the immigrants to the United States came from

1. the British Isles.
2. Germany and northern Europe.
3. Eastern and southern Europe.
4. South and Central America.

16. Different from ethnicity, a race may be defined as a population subset whose members have common

1. linguistic and ethnic characteristics.
2. national origin and cultural traits.
3. nationality and ethnicity.
4. biological characteristics.

16. Cultural differences or national origins that set one group apart from a larger surrounding society are marks of

1. duplicity.
2. ethnicity.
3. complicity.
4. explicity.

16. In Ethnic Geography, a host society means

1. the society that hosts ethnic enclaves and ethnic groups.
2. the society that hosts the people who gamble and the people who watches the gambling.
3. the society that hosts various epidemic diseases and spreads these diseases to other societies.
4. the society in which individuals are treated as guests.

16. The classic southern ghetto housed newly freed black population in

1. specially built structures on undesirable sites isolated from white residential districts.
2. small dwellings along alleys within or bordering wealthier white residential districts.
3. isolated pockets of segregated housing within low-income white residential districts.
4. older dilapidated dwellings near the city center from which low-income white occupants were evicted.

16. The ethnic province for Hispanics in the United States is located in

1. the Pan-handle of Texas.
2. the Midwest Corn Belt.
3. the Southwestern Borderland.
4. the Southern Bible Belt.

16. Self-chosen segregation of ethnic groups can serve these four functions:

1. defense, public welfare, concealment, and preservation.
2. Defense, attack, support, and preservation.
3. Attack, concealment, assimilation, and support.
4. Isolation, nucleation, concentration, and preservation.

16. The Holocaust in Germany against Jewish during WWII is an extreme case of

1. ethnic nationalism.
2. ethnic cleansing.
3. the "salad bowl" approach.
4. ethnic wars.

16. "Social distance" is a term to specify

1. the level of difference between a ethnic minority and the charter group.
2. the physical space between two ethnic neighborhoods.
3. the perceived distance between males and females.
4. the space people tend to keep from each other when engaged in a social activity.

16. In Latin American cities, new arrivals at the bottom of the economic and social hierarchy are most apt to settle

1. near the city center in slum districts of old housing stock but near menial downtown jobs.
2. in squatter or slum settlements at the outer margin of the city.
3. in one or more defined corridors leading from the city center to the outskirts along rail lines.
4. in small pockets of slum housing close to higher-income residential areas promising employment.

16. When an ethnic residential cluster persists because its occupants choose to preserve it, it is called a colony or an enclave. When it endures because of external forces of discrimination it is called a

1. ghetto.
2. slum.
3. conclave.
4. gaol.

16. The practice of European immigrants taking up large tracts of North American agricultural land as groups rather than as individuals is known as

1. cascade migration.
2. cluster migration.
3. cultural confluence.
4. collective transferral.

16. The re-adoption of Old World customs or cultural traits by the descendants of immigrants is known as

1. culture retrogression.
2. culture retrieval.
3. culture renewal.
4. culture rebound.

16. The level of minority penetration of a neighborhood that initiates rapid exodus of the earlier dominant resident group is known as the

1. tipping point.
2. panic point.
3. exodus ratio.
4. flight level.

16. The physical imprint which the earlier ethnic groups left on the land of the United States includes

1. different land survey systems, settlement patterns, and architecture styles.
2. computer technology, industrial facilities, and farming strategies.
3. value systems that are evident in their religious beliefs.
4. ample housing opportunities in urbanized areas.

16. The major source regions for immigrants into the United States since the 1960s are

1. northern Europe and the British Isles.
2. southern Europe and North Africa.
3. Asia and Latin America.
4. Australasia and the Pacific Islands.

16. "Banana culture" is usually referred to the second or third generation of East Asians. Such condition may be best categorized into

1. acculturation.
2. behavioral assimilation.
3. structural assimilation.
4. ethnocentrism.

Bonus Questions: (T/F)

1. The decline in China's birth rate reflects a growing awareness of the cost of children in the family budget.
2. The establishment of the state of Israel represented a return of a dispersed religion to its hearth region.
3. Most of the refugees resulting from the recent ethnic war in Kosovo of Yugoslavia are Orthodox Bosnian.
4. Long-lot settlement patterns reflect the English tradition of villages clustered around "commons."
5. Ethnicity always contains a spatial or territorial implication.